Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the Transformation of Indian Agriculture:Land, Labour and Social Equality

Abstract

Agriculture has been a major foundation of India’s economy and rural society; however, historical issues such as unequalland distribution, exploitation of agricultural labourers, caste-based inequalities, and limited access to resources have influenced agrarian development. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, an economist, social reformer, and architect of the Indian Constitution, critically analyzed these structural challenges and emphasized that agricultural progress must be accompanied by social justice and economic equality. This study examines Ambedkar’s views on agriculture, land reforms, agricultural labour rights, and social empowerment based on secondary sources including his writings, research studies, and government reports. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to understand the relationship between land ownership, agrarian inequality, and rural development. It highlights Ambedkar’s argument that equitable distribution of land, modernization of agriculture, and protection of labour rights are essential for achieving economic democracy and inclusive growth. The study also evaluates the relevance of his agrarian ideas in contemporary India, where issues such as landlessness, farmer distress, rural poverty, and unequal access to productive resources continue to exist. It concludes that Ambedkar’s vision of land justice, labour welfare, and social equality remains significant for transforming Indian agriculture and promoting sustainable and inclusive rural development.